Conservative Iranian

Lecture Archive

Religious Intellectualism

روشنفکری دینی

SpeakerAbbas Suri & Benjamin Suri @Parsi_Live
LanguageFarsi, translated to English
Full lectureWatch on YouTube
Excerpted here8 clips, 1,068 words

Filed under religious intellectualism, this lecture takes up the movement that tried to reconcile Shia thought with modern political struggle, and asks what it has cost. Abbas Suri and Benjamin Suri open with an exchange from January 2026. Mir Hossein Mousavi, prime minister in the 1980s and under house arrest since 2011, published a statement calling on the security forces and the clerical leadership to step down and urging a constitutional referendum. Bahareh Hedayat, an activist who has spent much of the past two decades in and out of prison, answered on Instagram with a blunt Farsi dismissal: shut up, old man. In the speakers' reading, that was less an insult than an expulsion, the moment a jailed generation withdrew its recognition from a figure it once followed.

From there the lecture builds its central category, what it calls protest theology. Where the traditional theology of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam moves from profession of faith through works toward salvation, protest theology is said to invert the sequence. Struggle comes first, and specifically armed struggle, so that salvation is found in the act of protest itself. The speakers place Ali Shariati, Abdolkarim Soroush, and Mostafa Malekian within this current, and read Shariati's teaching on martyrdom, kill if you can and let yourself be killed if you cannot, as its clearest formula. Scholarship generally distinguishes Malekian from the other two, and the notes below take that up.

The closing section turns to Soroush directly. The speakers describe him as a man who knows where he stands in history and cannot bring himself to say he was wrong, and they point to a letter they say he published on his Instagram with the comments closed. Their proposed alternative is not confession but silence: when a road has been walked and cannot be unwalked, one can at least stop speaking. They attribute that observation to Bertrand Russell, though it is not found in his published work.

5:36

National Identity

A generation that went to prison answers Mousavi's statement with a blunt dismissal.

5:36 to 6:48 Watch in the full lecture

Bahareh Hedayat spent years of her life in prison, and when Mir Hossein Mousavi published his statement to the people, her answer was to tell him to shut up. Abbas Suri and Benjamin Suri read that reply as a verdict from a generation that paid the price and will not be lectured about caution.

Read the transcript

Mousavi published a letter on his page, he published a statement, and Ms. Bahareh Hedayat, in response, said "Shut up, old man." You know, in that same statement, Mr. Mir Hossein Mousavi, addressing the people, had called the movement toward dictatorship, a move toward tyranny. So, in 2028, when someone like Ms. Bahareh Hedayat, because of those events, is sentenced to eight and a half or nine and a half years in prison, and spends a significant portion of her youth behind bars, when she comes out, she herself says: when I saw that statement, my eyes were so filled with tears, from the list of those killed and the videos coming out, and I felt so sick, the only word that came to my mind in response to Mr. Mousavi's statement, for me, who because of him spent nine and a half years of my life in prison, the only word that came to mind was: shut up. You know, honestly, I cannot convey this

7:09

National Identity

Legitimacy can be withdrawn by the people, and on this account Mousavi's already has been.

7:09 to 7:40 Watch in the full lecture

Political legitimacy in Iran is not only granted by institutions, it can be withdrawn by the people themselves. Abbas Suri and Benjamin Suri argue that when Bahareh Hedayat told Mir Hossein Mousavi to shut up, she was not insulting him but recording something final: he no longer exists inside the political world of the Iranian nation, and house arrest changes nothing about that.

Read the transcript

when she told Mr. Mir Hossein Mousavi to shut up, she effectively expelled him from the political world of our Iranian nation. For me, the word "shut up" from Ms. Hedayat was in reality an expulsion, for Mr. Mousavi. He no longer, for us, the Iranian nation, has any real existence. Whether he remains under house arrest or is anywhere else, when

7:42

National Identity

In this account, Iranian national identity predates the European idea of the nation by millennia.

7:42 to 8:51 Watch in the full lecture

In Europe the modern idea of a nation dates from roughly five centuries ago, after the Renaissance. Abbas Suri and Benjamin Suri argue that for Iranians the word reaches back through millennia, pointing to graves in what is now Turkey where an Iranian Christian names himself a son of a city of Iran, an identity already at work under the Sassanids.

Read the transcript

is anywhere else, when when a person betrays the current of their own nation, and I want to emphasize this, the first nation, the very first nation on earth, we Iranians, this nation, our existence as a people goes back millennia. The concept of "nation" in the Western sense is only a few hundred years old, emerging after the Renaissance.

But the concept of nation for us goes back thousands of years, millennia during which we have spoken about it. When you find a grave of an Iranian in what is now Turkey, of an Iranian in present-day Turkey, a Christian who is Iranian and identifies himself as a son of a certain city of Iran, that means this national identity was understood even in the Sasanian era.

So when you point the finger of accusation at the nation from which you yourself came, you are without question first and foremost expelling yourself. That is one

10:04

Authority and the State

Protest theology inverts the traditional sequence, placing struggle before faith and works.

10:04 to 11:25 Watch in the full lecture

Traditional Semitic religion moves in order: profession, then practice, then salvation, with struggle appearing along the way or not at all. Abbas Suri and Benjamin Suri describe protest theology as the inversion of that sequence, beginning with struggle and treating the intensity of the fight as the measure of salvation.

Read the transcript

we have a theology, a contemporary theology called protest theology. The traditional theology of the Semitic world, meaning Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, has a sequence to it. You first declare in words that you have become a Muslim, then you commit certain acts, you pray, you fast, you pay khums, and then you reach salvation.

And on this path to salvation, it is also possible to struggle, meaning technically to wage jihad as well. Protest theology inverts this entire process that the Semitic prophets describe. It begins with protest first, meaning it begins with struggle first, and it begins with armed struggle first. Meaning, the greater your role in the struggle, or the greater your actions at a higher level, the more saved you are.

That is why Mr. Ali Shariati says "either kill or be killed." And Mr. Soroush also falls into this same category. Mr. Soroush is the same way. And many others, for example if we wanted to make a list within protest theology, Mr. Malekian also falls into this same rank, this same position.

13:16

Authority and the State

Where salvation sits inside the protest itself, the protest never needs to arrive anywhere.

13:16 to 14:21 Watch in the full lecture

Iranian opposition debate keeps returning to one accusation: where were you when we were fighting? Abbas Suri and Benjamin Suri trace the question to a worldview in which protest is a corridor leading somewhere for some, while for those working from the theology of protest and the literature of the left, salvation sits inside the protest itself, which is why it never needs to arrive anywhere.

Read the transcript

I want to put my finger on something, on why Mr. Abdolkarim Soroush should have written these names, why Dr. Ali Shariati, and ultimately why it comes down to the left and the religious, and why I insist we need to surgically examine this point. Why is it that whenever something happens, even when they want to dismiss Persian media or attack it, they say: when we were out there fighting, where were you?

The meaning of struggle, based on the theology of protest on the left, comes back to this point. Look, when we protest at 18 or 19 years old, we do not see salvation in that protest itself. That protest is a corridor toward where we want to go. But for those who operate on the theology of protest, on the literature of the left, salvation lies in the protest itself. That is a very big difference.

15:05

Authority and the State

Treating every world order as something to fight leaves no program for the day after.

15:05 to 15:24 Watch in the full lecture

Inside the Islamic Republic, every order on earth is something to be fought, Abbas Suri and Benjamin Suri note, and they press the obvious follow-up question: what is the program for the day after, what happens once the protest ends? Their answer is that the protest itself delivers salvation.

Read the transcript

in the Islamic Republic we must fight against all the blind orders of the earth. When you ask them: what is your plan for the future, or what do you want to do after this protest, they say: no, I am protesting to be saved, to reach heaven.

20:05

Tradition and Human Nature

A mind trained in the exact sciences carries a single-answer method into questions that have none.

20:05 to 21:19 Watch in the full lecture

Abbas Suri and Benjamin Suri trace Abdolkarim Soroush from pharmacy at the University of Tehran to chemistry in London, then to philosophy and history, the later studies they describe as left unfinished. Their argument is not about credentials, but that a mind formed by the exact sciences carries the method of seeking a single answer into questions that do not have single answers.

Read the transcript

Let's take a look at the background of Mr. Abdolkarim Soroush. He studied pharmacy at the University of Tehran. After finishing, he went to the University of London to study chemistry. He left that unfinished and turned to philosophy and history, which he also did not finish. The revolution happened, he came back to Iran. Did he finish pharmacy in Tehran? He finished it at the University of Tehran. You learn

44:27

Authority and the State

The speakers read Soroush's closed comments as a refusal to be answered.

44:27 to 45:54 Watch in the full lecture

Abbas Suri and Benjamin Suri offer their reading of Abdolkarim Soroush: that he knows where he stands in history and cannot bring himself to say he was wrong, which is why he closed the comments under his own letter. Their closing suggestion is that sometimes you cannot walk a road back, but you can still choose to be silent.

Read the transcript

I feel that Mr. Abdolkarim Soroush knows where he stands in history, and that he is too ashamed of the calluses on his feet to admit that he was wrong. That is exactly why, when he publishes this letter on his Instagram, he turns off the comments so he does not have to face what people say about his letter.

This is what Bertrand Russell says as well, and good people have also said it: if we are going to go back down the paths we have already walked, we cannot answer for the calluses on our feet from that same road. Sometimes, perhaps, you cannot go back, but you can stay silent. The fundamental point is this.

The fundamental point is this: you can stay silent. You can choose not to give that interview. If you do not want to say anything about what happened, then do not say anything. But even on this very topic, there was intense discussion, the everyday kind, that Dr. Mousaghaei Nezhad spoke about, and we had spoken about it before him as well.

We said it is over and done with. But was this topic really more important than what actually happened? If you do not want to speak, then do not speak. If you know that you are standing on the wrong side of history, then truly, stay silent. I have to say, the reality is that golden deed

Books and Thinkers Referenced

Abbas Suri and Benjamin Suri draw on the following figures across this lecture. No books are named aloud, so this is a list of thinkers rather than works. Descriptions are ours, offered as a starting point for readers new to them.

Mir Hossein Mousavi: Prime minister of Iran from 1981 to 1989 and the leading reformist candidate in the disputed 2009 election, under house arrest with his wife Zahra Rahnavard since 2011. The lecture opens with his January 2026 statement calling on the security forces and clerical leadership to step down.

Bahareh Hedayat: An Iranian student and women's rights activist, first arrested in 2006 and in and out of prison since, including a nine and a half year sentence in 2010 tied to the One Million Signatures Campaign. The speakers read her reply to Mousavi as an act of political expulsion rather than an insult.

Ali Shariati: Iranian sociologist and Islamic thinker whose lectures at Hosseinieh Ershad shaped the revolutionary generation. The speakers place him at the origin of what they call protest theology and cite his teaching on martyrdom, rendered variously as kill if you can and let yourself be killed if you cannot, as its clearest formula.

Abdolkarim Soroush: Born Hossein Haj Faraj Dabbagh in Tehran in 1945. He studied pharmacy at the University of Tehran, took an M.Sc. in analytical chemistry at the University of London, then spent several years at Chelsea College on the history and philosophy of science. A prominent critic of clerical rule, he has lived outside Iran since the 2000s and is a visiting scholar at the University of Maryland. The speakers group him within protest theology and point to a letter they say he published on Instagram with the comments closed. They also describe the London chemistry study as left unfinished, where published accounts record a completed M.Sc.

Mostafa Malekian: Iranian philosopher, formerly of Tehran University and Tarbiat Modares, now excluded from state institutions and teaching privately in Iran. The speakers place him alongside Shariati and Soroush in the same current, though scholarship generally distinguishes him from Soroush: his Rationality and Spirituality project seeks to separate spirituality from organized religion, and he has been a critic of religious intellectualism itself.

Bertrand Russell: British philosopher and mathematician. The speakers attribute to him the observation that a road already walked cannot be unwalked, which they turn toward the possibility of silence. The line is not found in his published work.

About this page

These clips are excerpted from a longer lecture in Farsi by Abbas Suri & Benjamin Suri and translated into English by The Conservative Iranian. The transcripts on this page are our translation and not the speaker's own words in English, and any error in them is ours. Which passages became clips is an editorial decision of ours, not the shape of the lecture itself. Where two clips overlap, each one is published in full, so a sentence you meet twice is intentional and every argument stands on its own.

Watch the complete lecture on Abbas Suri & Benjamin Suri's channel, @Parsi_Live. If you found this useful, the best thing you can do is subscribe to them there.

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